Have you ever stood in front of the fuel additive section at your local auto parts store and found yourself perplexed? It is a bit overwhelming trying to determine what each product does, what’s in them and if the claims are legit. A lot of times you are trying to fix a fuel system related issue but don’t know what is causing the root problem and tearing the engine apart doesn’t necessarily fit into your weekend plans. The best way to eat an elephant is one bite at a time, so let’s take a look at the fuel additive category and break it down into easy to digest bites:
Types of fuel additives
Typically there are 4 types of cleaning related fuel additives: gas treatments, fuel injector cleaners, fuel system cleaners, and multi-system cleaners. There may be different variants of these types, but for the most part all fuel additives fall into one of these categories.
Gas treatments are typically the lowest priced fuel additive, but they also offer the fewest product benefits.
Fuel Injector Cleaners are the next step up and offer the largest variety of choices, but most tend to offer similar benefits. These products will offer more advantages than a gas treatment.
Fuel System Cleaners are the top shelf option in fuel additives; they have more robust formulations, additional claims and benefits compared to gas treats and fuel injector cleaners, and a premium price to go with them.
Multi-system cleaners include products that claim to work in the crankcase and the fuel system. Pour them in and they do it all. If it were only that easy…we’ll discuss this in detail later on.
So how do these fuel additives solve the poor combustion problems?
As mentioned before, detergents and other additives are put into fuel additives to clean fuel system parts and sometimes lubricate the upper cylinder.
Gas treatments tend to have PIB or PIBA based detergents and the dose rate is typically very low. They do a decent job of removing water and some may keep new deposits from forming on fuel system parts (also known as the “keep clean” effect), but they don’t remove existing deposits.
Fuel Injector/Carb Cleaners also have PIB or more likely PIBA detergents with a higher dose rate. The more of the nitrogen based additive in the formulation means:
- more cleaning power to remove existing deposits,
- more parts are cleaned,
- an increased length of time the “keep clean” effect lasts,
- it will clean up the parts in one tank full
- longer times between application
If the directions state to use the product every fill up, the detergent is going to be weaker and the additive dose rate lower compared to those that say to use it every oil change, 3000+ miles or 10 fill ups.
Most truly effective fuel system cleaners utilize PEA based detergents and offer the best cleaning power of any of the fuel additives on the market. Not only do they clean better than PIB or PIBA, they can clean more fuel system parts. It takes an extremely powerful detergent to remove the pressure cooked deposits found on cylinder heads, piston tops and combustion chamber walls, and PEA can do this. In direct injection systems it will also clean up the injectors and keep them clean. Gumout has a few items in their portfolio including Regane, High Mileage Regane and All in One Complete Fuel treatments. Chevron Techron pour in fuel additives also have this type of detergent. Check out the various manufacturers’ websites, MSDS and Technical bulletins and you may find what types of additives they use in their formula.
There are other additives besides detergents that help the efficacy of the product. Among these are dispersants, lubricants and friction modifiers. If any of these products also have an upper cylinder lubricant in the formula, make sure it is not mineral oil based. This type of lubricant can actually cause new deposits to form because it is cooked onto surfaces before it can do any actual lubricating. Plus, you will get increased tail pipe smoke because the oil is being burned up and sent out in the exhaust – same effect as oil blow by caused by worn cylinder rings. However, if the product has a friction modifier, it can actually reduce friction in the upper cylinder, resulting in improved combustion, lower heat and reduced wear. Gumout’s All in One complete fuel system cleaner has this typed of additive.
Lastly, there are a few products on the market called multi-system cleaners. They claim to solve a multitude of problems in the fuel system and oil crankcase; however, each of these delivery system can have separate issues that require specific types of additives and detergents to fix the problems. Often times these additives do not interact well and can cause more issues than solve them. Some of these brands will say that you can see them work because more smoke will come out your exhaust pipe meaning the deposits are being burned off, but in reality they have introduced a mineral oil into the combustion chamber causing the smoke and actually creating new deposits. Also, many of these additives will actually dilute the motor oil lessening its overall effectiveness. As much as we’d all like to have one product to solve all of our oil and fuel related problems, reality is that modern engines require built for purpose additives to address many of the issues that arise in the fuel system and oil crankcase.
So to recap, there are different types of fuel additives on the market and you will have to determine what kind is the best fit for you based on the issues you are having. Fuel additives, as a whole, can help most of these problems, but only if they have formulations that will actually do what the label says they will do. The key thing to remember is that it takes a powerful detergent to reach all areas of the fuel system, and as new engine technologies advance, the more important it will be to use a complete fuel system cleaner. Lastly, make sure you pay attention to the amount of gallons that are treated and how long the product will last; you may think paying ten bucks for an additive is crazy, but you could end up spending a lot more than that if the product doesn’t fit your needs.
Cleaner parts = better performance.